Shellfish are filter feeders, and may concentrate microorganisms (bacteria and viruses), as well as natural toxins and chemicals if they are present in the growing waters. The current National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) dictates uniform requirements that every state must meet, with federal oversight provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). States are required by the NSSP to maintain minimum sanitation standards addressing issues such as water quality monitoring, harvest area enforcement, training of harvesters and dealers, processing, shipping, and handling.

Fish and shellfish farm-raised in the U.S. must meet rigorous standards for food safety and quality, as well as environmental impact. Seafood processors, packers, and warehouses comply with the mandatory requirements of the Food and Drug Administration's Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). This article takes a deep dive into the many regulations that make U.S. farm-raised seafood one of the safest, healthiest, and most sustainable foods available to the consumer.